How to calculate true position. this is added directly into the true position. How to calculate true position

 
 this is added directly into the true positionHow to calculate true position  For hole with min PD 0

In summary, True Position is the exact location that we are aiming for, and the Position control tells us the positional tolerance of that feature. time graph of the ball’s motion. Say if you have gage point in xy and z location thaen you will have a 3d tp. For example, the bearing from A to B is 100°. I think that the MMC should come off of the minor diameter. ‹•› The tolerance for a true position or basic dimension must come from a geometric tolerance. Your true position only takes into account the 11. 552 x cos (40. Does anyone know how PC-DMIS calculates true position? The problem I'm having is the drawing for a job I've got asks for the TP on circles with reference to a primary datum Z and secondary datum X. 000 and 0. Start with the list of related threads down towards the bottom of this page. 9218. 002" in the 1st quadrant is not not the same as . Keplerian elements and their rates, with respect to the mean ecliptic and equinox of J2000. 100 +/-. 005) Your tolerance grows relative to the hole size. 1. 0, is T = (T e p h − 2451545. 6927-0. for max material, take the actual and subtract the smallest. 05 (75) + 0. Variables Used in Spherical True Position GD&T Calculator. 370=. 5M - 1994, Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T). When is applied to the size tolerance zone, the true position specification Φ0. Percentage Accuracy Calculator True Position Formula The following true position formula is used to calculate the total variance from the true position. 1. Enter actual measurements starting in cells B25 and C25 as. 0711 and 0 respectively. Caption of Table 1 in the OP's reference contains:. The True Position formula is used to calculate this location, and it is represented as a 3D distance. 32deg, and my Latitude is 33N. Once the true position is located relative to the datums, the diameter symbol in the feature control frame tells us that the position tolerance zone is cylindrical. Calculate True Anomaly at future point in time with hyperbolic orbits. 08-30-2007, 06:51 PM. According to MMC 6, a maximum bonus position tolerance of 2T 1 is added to P 1 when the diameter of the Hole 1 is made at (D 1+T 1). Calculator. Next, compare the actual measured position of the ID to the allowed positional tolerance, that is, the total bonus allowed. True Position. 3 is . That's only . 002" in the 3rd one -- averaging these two will be . 4219 = 0. 78%. e. 267+/-. New and popular video trendsProj. ruidoso. 3437 - 0. True position locators. This will be the length of the drift on the compass direction of the set. You can try following this method to double check the TP result on. Create the features with all the correct nominals (THEO values). 547. 5-2018, ASME Y14. Let's start by computing the Moon's parallax, i. So, "the equinox" mentioned in step 5 cited in the OP refers to the mean equinox of J2000. Calculation of True Position Where:-Value of "Z" X=Devation from theoretical "x" datum location Y=Devation from theoretical "y" datum location <-----Enter Value of "x" <-----Enter Value of "Y" Z= True position =2{(x2 + y2)1/2} 7. 190. Enter the top plane, center circle, and slot symmetry into the window as the Datums. 5-2009 and ASME Y14. Question: How to report a true position with a point to point distance and also use MMC for bonus? I will greatly appreciate it Tags: None. 09-05-2008, 08:32 PM. Caption of Table 1 in the OP's reference contains:. The Hour Angle = H = local sidereal - RA Polaris [expressed in degrees or 15* (h+m/60+s/3600)]. The true position calculator is a tool to calculate the true position of the center axis after actual measured dimensional data is entered about a manufactured feature: either a hole or a shaft. I have a spreadsheet that uses the following formula to attain the true position of 0. The following drawing is an example of indicating the least material condition for the edge and hole when the minimum thickness is indicated using true position. By taking the radius of a circle as 1/2 of the quantities defined in the numerator and denominator of this equation, Positional Cp can be computed as:About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. If the holes are on the circumference pointing outward or inward (as in a spoked wheel) then the Basic angle is the control. = 1. com to describe the positions of the Sun, the Moon. The tolerance is always shown in Diameter. 010 from the datums, then create a best fit alignment from all the features in the pattern and then dimension the . Enter the Theoretical Circle as the Feature. The next step in the ATR calculator online is to just manually type in the current price of whatever you’re trading. Manual Lathe Cross Slide Calculator. Where: True Position: This is the true position of the feature in relation to the specified datum. The distance from the bullseye (o,o) is the PR distance from one axis and the PA deviation is the distance from the other axis. So, "the equinox" mentioned in step 5 cited in the OP refers to the mean equinox of J2000. GDu0026T True Position Tolerance How to calculate 'True Position'-(GDu0026T) Lesson: Tolerances in Technical Drawings How GDu0026T Maximum Material Condition (MMC) Works with Clearance Holes GDu0026T Tip - Does Runout Equal Concentricity? Creating u0026 Editing Geometric Tolerances Rule #1 for GeometricHow to Calculate True Position. The returned PointF will contain the x- and y-coordinate of the calculated position. This is in effort to improve data correlation from supplier to supplier/across the board. CPk is a measure of not only a processes deviation but also a function of it's centeredness. 2) must be between two planes separated from. Keplerian elements and their rates, with respect to the mean ecliptic and equinox of J2000. The Tolerance of Position requirement mentioned above allows the dowel hole, and therefore the dowel, to tilt within its tolerance zone. Illustration 1: The upper hemisphere of the celestial sphere. Let's say you have 0. In this case, Bonus Tolerance = MMC-LMC=25-15=10. Caption of Table 1 in the OP's reference contains:. Bonus tolerance equals the difference between the actual feature size and the MMC of the feature. This is not my engineering drawing and the customer is unwilling to change the FCF. Obviously you can use doubles instead of floats if you have enough processor power and memory. 2. ‹•› When using a position tolerance, the true position of the feature of size must be defined. = 1. Keplerian elements and their rates, with respect to the mean ecliptic and equinox of J2000. For a bearing angle of 180°, the standard angle would be 270°. True Position is a perfect, theoretical location that is usually denoted by Basic Dimensions . 3437 - 0. Please note that not all possible combination of. Be aware that 0 degrees is at the very east position of the circle, 270 degrees is in the very north position of the circle:I assume that since compass heading is 141° and deviation is +3°. And given some initial state vector (position and velocity) you can calculate all the orbital elements (like you said), from which you can get orbital period and mean motion. The way it is being explained to me, we are analyzing a theoretical true position of the hole center, then comparing x, y, and z values of our actual hole center. Notes: Units may be given as inches, mm, meters or whatever. The tolerance zone is. 5-2009, ASME Y14. So, "the equinox" mentioned in step 5 cited in the OP refers to the mean equinox of J2000. 4 mm, one has +/- 0. 437 and 0. 5M - 1994, or ISO 1101 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing for hole, slot and other features of size. Instead of trying to compute some eccentric anomaly, we compute the true anomaly and the heliocentric distance directly: v = 2. Then it will be Ø. In cpk software, how do you reconcile this? If we put our LSL as 0 and our USL as . You can find the latitude nearest you by referring to the map in this section or by using the latitude locator application listed here as well. 5 is only applied when dia. Share. Fixed Gaging of an External Feature. With your straight edge, draw a line from the last fix to the end of the set/drift line. By the way, the location of the slot is not defined in the direction of the 50 basic, the position tolerance you. If it was 0. Problem : Very Slow Description: The prediction is a gray-level image that comes from my classifier. GDu0026T-Mechanical engineering Interview Questions ,Dimu's Tutorials GDu0026T True Position Tolerance How to calculate 'True Position'-(GDu0026T) Lesson: Tolerances in Technical Drawings How GDu0026T Maximum Material Condition (MMC) Works with Clearance Holes GDu0026T Tip - Does Runout Equal Concentricity?Enter the X & Y coordinates and the calculator tells you your actual true position. DMIS does this calculation for you , but you can NOT just 'plug in' angular components into the normal TP formula. True position refers to the exact position of a feature as defined by basic dimensions, while the position defines the allowable variation of that feature from the true position. The easy way is to use unilateral tolerance techniques, see if your CPK/PPK is acceptable, and if it is, call it a day. The basic dimensions are considered theoretically exact locations. One way to do this is to find a planar perspective transformation that maps between image and world coordinates for the known quadrilateral (green/orange). . Draw a line connecting the start location to the end location. It includes the following features:Consequently we need to know how to calculate the difference between this and true north. You're on the right track. The Tolerance Of Position requires that the axis of the dowel hole be contained within the 0. This article will explain the position formula and some examples. 0 * atan(s) r = q * ( 1. Bonus Tolerance is the amount of extra tolerance that a feature is privileged to get when the feature of size departs from MMC to LMC. Datum Z is the level plane and X is a cylinder and also the rotation line. Given an open ended datum notch with the following tolerances: Width . 9218)^2 + (0. Generic formula 2*sqrt (x-meas^2+z-meas^2) For a formula (using 10 o'clock hole). #3. 5-2009 and ASME Y14. Total dev. The formula for calculating the true position of a feature is as follows: TruePosition=(Xactual −Xnominal )2+(Yactual −Ynominal )2 . Now the main problem is what the mean equinox actually is. When the needle stops moving, note the direction the needle points. 6850 0. 001 difference from PC-Dmis results, due to round off in software. In Reply to: True Position with MMC posted by Chad B. True Position is a perfect, theoretical location that is usually denoted by Basic Dimensions . Calculate again on the main window for. Negative Tolerance numbers indicate interference. Keplerian elements and their rates, with respect to the mean ecliptic and equinox of J2000. If the distance of the user from three or more satellites is known, then the 3D position can be calculated using triangulation. The problem measurements are for CIR2 and CIR3. Bonus tolerance equals the difference between the actual feature size and the MMC of the feature. The two methods of using Position discussed on this page will be RFS or Regardless of Feature Size and under a material condition (Maximum Material Condition or Least Material. True position in GD&T is a fairly simple callout that can fix the position and size of different features. Member. So, "the equinox" mentioned in step 5 cited in the OP refers to the mean equinox of J2000. For example, in the example for calculating the probability of rolling a “6” on two dice: P (A and B) = 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/36. 2. Related: Composite Position Tolerance GD&T Calculator for Dimensional Inspection Internal Feature of Size; Concentricity Calculator per. This calculator tool will create a Geometric Size vs MMC Tolerance Chart per . As this involves measurement of a three-dimensional feature, it is difficult to use calipers, micrometers, or any other instrument that measures the distance between two points for accurate measurement. Click to expand. 75 I type 18. The true position of the longitudinal center of the slot (center of the geometrical theoretical geometry). You can constrain/unconstrain degrees of freedom. if PD will grow then positional tolerance will grow accordingly and max will be 0. A datum is always necessary to indicate. My Column A contains the delta from measured value for X position and Nominal value for X position. Application: This calculator and graphing tool is used to trouble shoot as-built parts and the manufacturing processes utilized consistency. Make sure pitch diameter is set correctly on your software. If we set the starting position at the origin, we can identify each of the other points by counting units east (right) and north (up) on the grid. For cylindrical features (holes and bosses) the true position tolerance is. The Three Legs tab is for calculating TAS with data from three legs, using Grays method. The velocity function is derived (derivative of position function) and if you input t=0, you get v=10. [TRUE POSITION|. This figure clearly shows that CNET-C and CNET-D have significantly higher TPR than the benchmarks. Caption of Table 1 in the OP's reference contains:. The following are definitions for the elements: Fastener (Shaft) Diameter - This is the maximum size (MMC) of the bolt, shaft or other. In other words, Position means how far your features location can vary from its “True Position”. [TRUE POSITION|. Calculate its distance from the Sun and its true anomaly one sidereal year later. How do you calculate true position? True position can be calculated using the following formula: true position = 2 x (dx^2 + dy^2)^1/2. 2nd position line is by measuring the sextant altitude of the sun exactly at the time of its Mer-pass. This Spherical True Position calculator will convert coordinate measurements to position tolerances. This calculator tool will create a Geometric Size vs MMC Tolerance Chart per . 5-2009 and ASME Y14. 004) making your true position . Then it will be Ø. The True Position Calculator addresses this need by providing a straightforward method to calculate the true position of a point or object based on its. This bolt circle calculator assists you in determining the location of the holes for a bolted joint. Now the main problem is what the mean equinox actually is. the apparent size of the (equatorial) radius of the Earth, as seen from the Moon: mpar = asin ( 1/r ) where r. 1 relative to datums A, B, and C when the holes are at their maximum material condition”. When calculating the True Position with the location values and diameter, engineering gets . 000. This Spherical True Position calculator will convert coordinate measurements to position tolerances. Negative Tolerance numbers indicate interference. 02-11-2009, 10:08 AM. 374-. Begin by finding magnetic north. 2735 = 2. Destination page number Search scope Search Text Search scope Search Text09-22-2020, 01:02 PM. #3. 7. 6=0. A True Position of 0. If you end up with a negative answer, add 360°, and if your answer is greater than 360°, subtract 360° from it. This is not my engineering drawing and the customer is unwilling to change the FCF. 033 this is where the Position tolerance is called out. Perpendicularity can reference a 2D line, but more commonly it describes the orientation of one surface plane perpendicular to another datum plane. The True Position of any object is its exact coordinate or location defined according to the basic dimensions or other means. My Column B contains the delta from measured value for Y position and Nominal value for Y position. The True Position value is twice the maximum value of the 2 calculations Radial True Position = . 006|E|F] (with basic dimensioning to datum points on datums E. I have a part with hole true positions on a curved surface (along X/Y) that is at an angle to Z. It is compared to a theoretically exact target feature as described on a technical drawing document. 32. The basic idea in 2 dimensions is shown below. I am trying to find out what features the previous programmer used to calculate true position. 500 – 2. Step 1—Position and Velocity Magnitudes #. Now the main problem is what the mean equinox actually is. 5-2018, ASME Y14. 01-17-2017, 12:50 PM. This calculator calculates position tolerances utilizing principles and concepts withinASME Y14. Hi . All inches or all mm). 5-2009, ASME Y14. Measure the angle of this line against the compass rose to get the Course Over Ground. You can inspect to the four quadrants of each your holes. Get the spindle speed and feed calculations done quickly and easily. So, "the equinox" mentioned in step 5 cited in the OP refers to the mean equinox of J2000. You have X and Y axis (usually) take the value that your hole is off in each axis. Position is one of the most useful and most complex of all the symbols in GD&T. 001 difference from PC-Dmis results, due to round off in software. I have a part the calls out the true position of a 5/16-18 ID threaded hole with MMC. When calculating the True Position with the location values and diameter, engineering gets . : True position is always the exact location of the feature with respect to the referenced datums. I have read recommendation to distribute clearance for positional tolerance as 60% for thread hole and 40% to drill hole. The truth_image is also a gray-level image, but its. If the holes are on the circumference pointing outward or inward (as in a spoked wheel) then the Basic angle is the control. Reply. 267+/-. Category overview ; List of all discussion forums ; The 100 latest forum topics ; IndustryArena. 001 = . Now the main problem is what the mean equinox actually is. The true position is calculated using the following formula: True Position = 2 x Square root[(Measured X – True X) 2 + (Measured Y – True Y) 2], where. 3437 - 0. True bearing = 448-360 = 88°. Magnetic heading should be 141-3 = 139°. #5. = 1. Take 1/36 to get the decimal and multiple by 100 to get the percentage: 1/36 = 0. , A,B,C, or from features created that represent 3-2-1 alignment. Bonus Tolerance= MMC-Actual Size. In this example, it is . In other words, Position means how far your features. ”. In the figure below, the solid line represents the true profile. Next, create the true position with the 3d best fit and call out the holes to the new alignment. First, use a straight edge of the protractor and your pencil to draw a line through A and B. Learn how to calculate true position, a GD&T symbol that defines the permissible variation of a feature’s location from its “ideal” position. 2735 = 2. 500/-. Select BF Bore pattern. Enter the X & Y coordinates and the calculator tells you your actual true position. Proj. 0200 to A, B, & C: =2*SQRT ( (A7*A7)+ (B7*B7)+ (C7*C7)) A7 is the deviation in the X direction, B7 is the deviation in the Y direction, & C7 is the deviation in the Z direction. Y = 0. 0 m, 2. Keplerian elements and their rates, with respect to the mean ecliptic and equinox of J2000. I recently did a true position and may 321 alignment to the datums and picked the feature to be true. in your example, 3. For many industries, accurately calculating true position is critical. 0037^2) This would be correct. Open the template by clicking on QI Macros menu > Capability Templates > Cp Cpk Templates: The template has several tabs, select the Cp Cpk True Position worksheet: Input your target and tolerances for the X and Y coordinates. This calculator tool will create a Geometric Size vs MMC Tolerance Chart per . 9218)^2 + (0. 375 +. can someone explain to me how the polar position is calculated ? we know that in the Cartesian system the formula is ----- > 2*sqrt( (Δx)^2 + (Δy)^2) Does anyone know the formula for calculating the polar position? out of pure curiosity, I would like to know how the value is calculatedThe problem I'm trying to get a formula to calculate the state vectors $vec{r}$ and $vec{v} = dot{vec{r}}$ on an orbit, given a true anomaly $ u$. Zeiss's Calypso CMM software resolves this issue by giving both sets of tolerance. A True Position of 0. Tolerance Of Position has some fundamental rules: 1. If you want to confirm the X and Y values you are seeing are the errors in each position use the formula below. The numbers shown are the allowable translation/rotation per your settings. However in order to match Newton/D'Alembert physics. 000 basic. Measuring true position can be done with a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) which uses a probe to measure the coordinates of points on a part. 05. Basics Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Basics, Mechanical Design, Mechanical Terms, Mechanical engineering concepts, Interview questions12-07-2020, 10:42 AM. " The true range indicator is. To do this, you need to write down the Euler-Lagrange equation. The tolerance is always shown in Diameter. CNC Machinist Calculator Pro is a machining calculator designed to make your life easier. Tolerance Of Position has some fundamental rules: 1. Description:Proj. Calculate your true position with GD&T Basics’ handy calculator. The basic dimensions are considered theoretically exact locations. So, "the equinox" mentioned in step 5 cited in the OP refers to the mean equinox of J2000. I have a point, whose location I know in Cartesian coordinates x and y. FORM AND LOCATION>TRUE POSITION Enter the Slot Symmetry as the Feature. 552 x cos (40. To try different values, press “Clear” first. -time graphs only account for the total movement over time. 6850 0. 1. g. Dimensions How To Measure True Position GDu0026T-Mechanical engineering Interview Questions ,Dimu's Tutorials GDu0026T True Position Tolerance How to calculate 'True Position'-(GDu0026T) 2 2 Measurement Of Geometric Tolerances In Manufacturing 2020-10-08 Lesson: Tolerances in Technical DrawingsEnter the X & Y coordinates and the calculator tells you your actual true position. Re: True Position of a Hole Capability - Appropriate parameters to use. Two multiplied by the square root of the deviation from nominal in X squared plus the deviation from nominal in Y squared. An example use of the MMC symbol is shown below. Thickness of magnet is . 5-2009, ASME Y14. I have read recommendation to distribute clearance for positional tolerance as 60% for thread hole and 40% to drill hole. 552 x cos (40. The tolerance is . Kepler's equation is an analytical solution for the position of an object in an orbit with respect to time assuming two body dynamics. (in radius) / SQRT2 How to Calculate True Position. Let's say we're off by 0. Caption of Table 1 in the OP's reference contains:. Given: Semi Major Axis (negative) Eccentricity (>1) Argument of Periapsis Inclination Longitude of Ascending Node Current True Anomaly Mass of Central Body How can one calculate the true anomaly. 5M - 1994, as well as ISO 1101 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T). 9218)^2 + (0. Use your measurements of time and the displacement to make a position vs. The MMC and LMC symbols are, respectively, the letter M or L inside of a circle. The size of the tolerance zone for each hole is dictated by the tolerance stated in the feature control frame. Figure 5: Extreme Position for X max RFS. can be added to P 2 when Hole 2 is made at (D 2+T 2). 32 states that undimensioned angles that appear to be 90 are to be assumed to be 90 . Keplerian elements and their rates, with respect to the mean ecliptic and equinox of J2000. 5 is only applied when dia. Your true position will be the hypotenuse: (X^2)+(Y^2)=(hypotenuse^2) then take sq rt of hypotenuse to get true position. A bolted joint is used to temporarily join two pieces of material together using one or more bolts and nuts. Ture position = 2 * SQRT (XVAR^2 + YVAR^2) So we take the difference in X (difference between actual and measured X), square it, and add that to the difference in Y squared. For information on the equations used in this calculator, see: Geometric Boundaries, II - The Interpretation and Application of GD&T per. Then, this distance is doubled to get the True Position value. To do so, the CMM software must first align the. Since the functional L[xμ] has the meaning of length, the solution to the previous equation is a curve of shortest length connecting two points in a given metric space. The Four Legs tab employs the four-leg variation of Grays method (See excerpt in Figure 3). Caption of Table 1 in the OP's reference contains:. Let's say you have 0. A positive declination (+D) means that your compass will point east of north. The two methods of using Position discussed on this page will be RFS or Regardless of Feature Size and under a material condition (Maximum Material Condition or Least Material Condition). 003, we don't get accurate results, because the LSL is NOT 0 - 0 is the nom. Very interesting stuff, Paul. This calculator will calculate the unknown for the given. The size of the tolerance zone for each hole is dictated by the tolerance stated in the feature control frame. Let me give an example to make you guys understand what is bonus tolerance. The standard angle is typically measured by placing the angle at the. I am new to PC-DMIS and operating our CMM. The Speed over Ground is also the length of the line, if the measured time was an hour. Figure 3: Position Tolerance as a Cylindrical Tolerance Zone . As indicated above, you will need to do the math for each slot as each can give you different bonuses. The 30 degree basic dimension defines all other. Caption of Table 1 in the OP's reference contains:. "Half Cpks" do not answer the centered question - but a totally different question of distance to tolerance. Please Help I hope I have included all the necessary information. Using a Gauge Using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) The Easiest Way to Measure True Position. 5-2009; True Position Inspection CalculatorThe horizontal coordinate system, also known as the Alt/Az system, is a method for describing the exact position of objects in the sky, such as planets, the Sun, or the Moon. You are now ready to reposition the protractor to determine the azimuth. so if center is x0,y0 (intersection of a,b or center point of both) initial rotation is ang0 (angle of a) and your point on orbit is x,y then: E = atan2 (y-y0,x-x0) - ang0. 2735 = 2. Tolerance Of Position must always be applied to a Feature of Size. Keplerian elements and their rates, with respect to the mean ecliptic and equinox of J2000. Compute the argument of perihelion, ω, and the mean anomaly, M: ω = ϖ −. 2735 = 2. e. However, what the CMM report truly means is that the surface profile will pass for tolerance values up to 0. We define datum planes and axes as references to define the exact placement. Locations of the gage pins or. Category overview ; List of all discussion forums ; The 100 latest forum topics ; IndustryArena. This is commonly mistaken for a failing value. It includes the following features:more. With MMC = . 1077. Training and GD&T resources see: This video discussed about how to calulate the true position without using CMM. 3437 - 0. A True Position of 0. No bonus position tolerance will be allowed when Proj. Author: H Rose Machining Last modified by: Kimberly VanOckerTRUE ANOMALY, The last COE is the true anomal y, , which indicates the location of the satellite in the orbit. Tolerance Calculator - True Position ; Tolerance Calculator - Spherical True Position ; Hole / Feature Pattern Plot ; GD&T Geometric. The bolts are inserted in the prefabricated or drilled holes in both pieces and secured with nuts on the other side. So, "the equinox" mentioned in step 5 cited in the OP refers to the mean equinox of J2000. ASME Y14. Here’s the usual formula for True Position in X and Y: True Position = 2 x SQRT(XVAR^2 + YVAR^2) So, we take the difference in X (difference between actual and measured X), square it, add that to the difference in Y squared, take the square root of that sum and multiply by 2. True position is a geometric tolerance that defines the allowable deviation of a feature from its exact location or orientation relative to a. Keplerian elements and their rates, with respect to the mean ecliptic and equinox of J2000. Create all the features, dimension the . 5M - 1994 and ASME Y14. 5M - 1994, or ISO 1101 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing for external diameters and other features of size. (See page 123 of ASME Y14. By the way, the location of the slot is not defined in the direction of the 50 basic, the position tolerance you show doesn't control that. Open Spherical True Position Calculator. CNC Machinist Calculator Pro is a machining calculator designed to make your life easier. Here's the usual formula for True Position in X and Y: True Position = 2 x SQRT(XVAR^2 + YVAR^2) So, we take the difference in X (difference between actual and measured X), square it, add that to the difference in Y squared, take the square root of that sum and multiply by 2.